Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune multisystem disease primarily manifested as intravascular thrombosis and mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). APS may occur as an isolated clinical entity (primary APS) or in association with other autoimmune diseases (secondary APS), particularly systemic…
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by multiple autoantibodies associated with a multisystem illness where any organ can be targeted. Autoantibodies most commonly associated with SLE are antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)…
Inflammatory eye diseases comprise some of the most devastating complications of childhood rheumatic diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Chronic (initially asymptomatic) uveitis accompanying JIA is one of the most common causes of uveitis in childhood. It is predominantly anterior,…
The association of arthritis with psoriasis was described almost 200 years ago, but it was not reported in children until the 1950s. Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PsJIA) is a heterogeneous entity, recognized in patients with frank psoriasis but also where…
Definition and Classification Under the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), , enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is defined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria shown in Table 20.1 . Children with ERA have…
Definition Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as a chronic inflammatory arthritis of unknown origin with onset prior to the age of 16 years that persists for at least 6 weeks ( Box 19.1 ). It is further characterized…
Definitions Chronic childhood arthritis affecting five joints or more during the first 6 months of disease is defined as polyarthritis . , The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification system for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) further categorizes polyarthritis…
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is one of the most perplexing diseases of childhood. Its onset can be quite nonspecific and may suggest bacterial or viral infection, malignancy, or another inflammatory disease. The evolution of the disease eventually confirms the…
Historical Aspects Pediatric rheumatology, the study and treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, and other tissues, originated in the first half of the 20th century, principally as a study of chronic inflammatory arthritis, the…
Acknowledgements Gay Kuchta, OT, is acknowledged for her contributions in the previous editions that provided a sound basis for this revised chapter. Machteld Huber, MD, PhD, is acknowledged for sharing her expertise on the My Positive Health model. Over the…