Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: List the three factors that contribute to congenital heart disease Describe why the four-chamber view cannot rule out all forms of congenital heart disease Discuss the pathologic conditions covered…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the embryologic development of the fetal heart Describe fetal circulation List the maternal risks factors that would require fetal echocardiography Explain how to sonographically evaluate the fetal heart…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the echocardiographic distinction between pericardial effusion and pleural effusion Describe the echocardiographic findings in cardiac tamponade Describe the echocardiographic findings in dilated, restrictive, infiltrative, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Recognize…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Define the characteristics and causes of mitral regurgitation Know how to calculate the proximal isovelocity surface area method Describe the common causes of mitral stenosis Explain the causes of…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the transducer selection and patient position for a cardiac examination Describe the imaging planes used in echocardiography Define suprasternal, subcostal, apical , and parasternal Describe a normal cardiac…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the fundamental concepts of hemodynamics as applied to ultrasound State basic knowledge of the cardiac cycle, normal intracardiac pressures and volumes, cardiac output, stroke volume, and its mechanisms…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the landmarks of the thoracic cavity Define the relational landmarks of the heart Discuss the function of the pericardial sac Differentiate the three layers of the heart wall…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the sonographic technique to image the neonatal and infant spinal column Describe the sonographic appearance of normal anatomy of the spinal cord, the dura, the nerve roots, and…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss anatomy of the neonatal hip Describe normal movements of the hip Describe sonographic evaluation of the neonatal hip, including technique and protocol Describe the normal sonographic appearance of…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize normal neuroanatomy as it pertains to the ultrasound examination of the preterm and term neonate Describe the coronal, sagittal, and mastoid view studies Discuss the sonographic findings in…