Introduction Refractive errors cause blurred vision and potentially amblyopia through inability to form a perfectly focused image on the retina. Emmetropia is the state of a perfectly focused eye when the power of the cornea and lens are exactly appropriate…
A child’s problem will likely be succesfully assessed with a little play, a few key tricks, and, mostly, a reasonable dose of spontaneity and patience. Cookie-cutter or hurried visit plans will rarely yield thorough assessments. Assent and Consent Bonhoeffer said,…
The growth of the eye from infancy to adulthood is a complex, sequential process with the anterior portion of the eye developing earlier than the posterior portion. The newborn infant eyeball measures 16.5 mm in axial length, and is 70%…
Introduction Since the late 1970s, there has been an explosion of new information about the maturation of the human visual system. A growing appreciation of the role of visual experience in shaping the functional organization of the maturing visual system…
This chapter combines the traditional anatomical approach to embryology with the rapidly advancing understanding of developmental biological processes involved in eye formation and maturation. Knowledge of the gene networks involved in ocular development provides a foundation for understanding the impact…
Introduction This chapter first presents a number of key considerations and issues relevant to understanding and applying evidence from epidemiological studies of childhood visual impairment (VI), severe visual impairment (SVI), or blindness ( Box 1.1 and Box 1.2 ) –…