Surface Anatomy of the Back Organization of the Spine Curvatures of the Spine Structure/Function Excessive curvature of the spine can occur as a result of postural changes associated with habitual activities of work or play, or can be secondary to…
Surface Anatomy Anatomical Regions Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Planes Axes of Movement Basic Movements of the Upper Extremity Structure/Function APLEY’s Movements Functional movements such as reaching over your head or behind your back to scratch between your shoulder blades are examples…
Major Parts of the Brain and Orientation Structure/Function Development of the brain; a, b schematic frontal sections; c median section; d view from the left side. Week 4: formation of three primary brain vesicles (forebrain [prosencephalon] , midbrain [mesencephalon] ,…
Surface Anatomy of the Neck Triangles of the Neck Content of the Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck Content Anterior Triangle of the Neck Posterior Triangle of the Neck Arteries External carotid artery with branches Internal carotid Occipital Transverse…
Surface Anatomy Clinical Remarks a Inherited external ear defects are common. Severe defects of the external ear and zygomatic bone, receding chin, and cleft palate are typical for the dominantly inherited FRANCESCHETTI's syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis). [ E247-09 ] b The…
Surface Anatomy Clinical Remarks A conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva and causes red eye. It frequently occurs in individuals wearing contact lenses but can have multiple other causes, including viral or bacterial infections and allergies. Anemic patients display…
Surface Anatomy Skull Structure/Function The neurocranium (blue) is composed of eight bones: the paired parietal and temporal bones, and the unpaired frontal, ethmoid, sphenoidal, and occipital bones. The viscerocranium (also named splanchnocranium , orange) is composed of the paired nasal,…
Surface Anatomy Male and Female Pelvis Female Pelvis Male Pelvis Greater pelvis Shallow Deep Lesser pelvis Wide and shallow Narrow and deep Pelvic inlet Oval, rounded Heart-shaped Pelvic outlet Round, spacious Narrow Pubic arch and suprapubic angle Wide > 80°…
Surface Anatomy Abdominal Regions Clinical Importance Right hypochondriac Liver and gallbladder Epigastric Pain from gastric ulcer, heartburn Left hypochondriac Spleen Right lumbar (flank) Kidney, ascending colon Umbilical Visceral pain Left lumbar (flank) Kidney, descending colon Right inguinal (groin) Appendix Hypogastric…
Surface Anatomy Surface Landmarks and Projections to Vertebral Levels Surface Landmark Ribs/Intercostal Space (ICS) Vertebral Projection Orientation Suprasternal (jugular) notch Between upper sternoclavicular joints Level T2/T3 Trachea entering mediastinum; inferior thyroid veins, thyroid ima artery Manubrium of sternum Rib I…