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Radiologic evaluation of esophageal diseases can be performed by fluoroscopic barium examination (esophagram), computed tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, fused CT and PET images (PET/CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These five imaging modalities constitute the radiologic…
A surgeon evaluating a patient prior to a possible esophageal operation must spend enough time in conversation with that patient to ensure a clear understanding of their symptoms. Such dialogue not only illuminates potential causes of those symptoms, but more…
The primary purpose of the esophagus is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach, and the esophagus has no digestive or absorptive function. The esophagus is a muscular tube that starts at the inferior border of the cricoid…
Pathology has no clinical value at the present time in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) before the occurrence of visible columnar lined esophagus (vCLE). Its only value is in the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia, increasing dysplasia…
High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a well-established diagnostic tool that evaluates esophageal motility. It dynamically measures intraluminal pressure changes in the esophagus by using closely spaced pressure sensors. Data are acquired, displayed, and interpreted by esophageal pressure topography plots. The Chicago…
The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the mouth with the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is transport of fluids and food to ensure regular nutrition of the body. At the proximal and distal end of the tube,…