Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

Esophageal Symptoms and Selection of Diagnostic Tests

A surgeon evaluating a patient prior to a possible esophageal operation must spend enough time in conversation with that patient to ensure a clear understanding of their symptoms. Such dialogue not only illuminates potential causes of those symptoms, but more…

Relevant Anatomic Relations of the Esophagus

The primary purpose of the esophagus is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach, and the esophagus has no digestive or absorptive function. The esophagus is a muscular tube that starts at the inferior border of the cricoid…

Esophageal Mucosa in Health and Disease

Pathology has no clinical value at the present time in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) before the occurrence of visible columnar lined esophagus (vCLE). Its only value is in the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia, increasing dysplasia…

Esophageal Body in Health and Disease

High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a well-established diagnostic tool that evaluates esophageal motility. It dynamically measures intraluminal pressure changes in the esophagus by using closely spaced pressure sensors. Data are acquired, displayed, and interpreted by esophageal pressure topography plots. The Chicago…

Esophageal Sphincters in Health and Disease

The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the mouth with the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is transport of fluids and food to ensure regular nutrition of the body. At the proximal and distal end of the tube,…