Chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower extremity is one of the most common chronic diseases in western Europe and the United States. The manifestations of CVD vary and include telangiectasias, enlarged reticular veins, varicose veins, lipodermatosclerosis, lower extremity pain…
Introduction Chronic venous disorders (CVD) are a spectrum of venous diseases that affect the lower limb. The manifestations include varicose veins, pain, edema, skin changes, and venous ulcerations. The pathophysiology involves reflux within the deep, superficial, and perforating vein valves…
Background Endovenous treatments for varicose veins emerged as an alternative to open surgery and are now the standard of care due to improved safety and efficacy. , The most widespread technologies used for the treatment of truncal vein reflux are…
In the past, venous disease received relatively little attention in the public arena and in vascular training programs, despite the fact that it is more prevalent in the United States than coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure,…
Numerous techniques of vena cava interruption have been described in the past for the prevention of PE, including femoral vein and IVC ligation, and partial interruption of the IVC by means of plastic clips, plication, or mechanical staplers. These later…
Introduction Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a partial or complete occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, with hemodynamic consequences determined by the size and location of the embolus, preexisting cardiopulmonary disease, and the severity of ventilation and oxygenation compromise. Acute PE…
Superficial venous thrombophlebitis (SVT) has been the focus of increased attention because of growing recognition of the potential morbidity and mortality associated with it. Although a global disorder, SVT develops in approximately 125,000 people per year in the United States;…
Introduction Acute upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) characterizes a disease process that ranges from an acutely swollen and painful extremity to one that is asymptomatic. This condition can be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary upper extremity DVT…
Acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity represents a disease spectrum ranging from asymptomatic calf vein thrombosis to the painful, blue, swollen limb of phlegmasia cerulea dolens resulting from extensive thrombosis involving the iliofemoral venous segment, thereby obstructing…
Introduction Acute thrombosis of the lower extremity deep veins is a significant public health problem affecting more than 350,000 people in the United States each year. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with a 6% mortality at 30…