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Background A vast majority (up to 80%) of the US population are estimated to experience an episode of low back pain (LBP) during their lifetime. A subset of these individuals will go on to develop chronic LBP, which can limit…
Introduction Regardless of the presence of lumbar instrumentation, recurrent symptoms after a lumbar decompressive surgery are not uncommon; for example, after undergoing microlumbar discectomy up to 12% of patients may have a recurrent disc herniation within the first year. The…
Background Revision lumbar spine surgery is predominantly associated with several distinct pathological processes resulting from an initial index surgery. For example, in the treatment of disc herniations, residual stenosis and recurrent disc herniations are well described in the literature. There…
Introduction One major issue when considering reconstructive spinal surgery is medical fitness for surgery. This is defined as an individual’s ability to sustain the physiological stress of surgery and recovery. Medical fitness is related to the overall wellness of the…
Introduction Poor bone health can lead to failure of the primary spinal procedure and precipitate the need for a revision spine surgery. Postoperative complications related to poor bone health include failure of fixation, fracture, kyphosis, implant subsidence, pseudarthrosis, and worsening…
Anatomy Lumbar Spine Make-Up The typical vertebral column is composed of 33 vertebrae. The lumbar spine usually has five mobile lumbar vertebrae, denoted as L1–L5. As a group, the lumbar vertebrae create a lordotic curve. The vertebral bodies increase in…