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Answers to Review Examination
Chapter 1 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. d 5. c Chapter 2 1. b 2. e 3. c 4. e 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. e Chapter 3 1. a 2. b…
Review Examination
Chapter 1 1. A healthy individual weighs 50 kg. What is the volume of this individual’s extracellular fluid compartment? a. 2.5 L b. 7.5 L c. 10.0 L d. 20.0 L e. 30.0 L 2. A healthy individual loses body…
Answers to Integrative Case Studies
Case 1 1a. The ECF volume of this man is increased above normal. The presence of edema, distention of the neck veins, and rales (sounds related to fluid in the lungs) is evidence of this increased volume. Additional evidence could…
Answers to Self-Study Problems
Chapter 1 1. Molarity (mmol/L) Osmolality (mOsm/kg H 2 O) 9 g NaCl 154 308 72 g Glucose 400 400 22.2 g CaCl 2 200 600 3 g Urea 50 50 8.4 g NaHCO 3 100 200 2. The cell…
Nephron Function
Summary By Transport Process TABLE C.1 Na + and Cl − Reabsorption Nephron Segment Mechanism Regulation Proximal tubule Na + -H + antiport, Na + -solute symporters, Cl – -HCO 3 – antiporter, Na + -glucose symporters, paracellular ↓ ECF…
Normal Laboratory Values
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Integrative Case Studies
Case 1 A 65-year-old man has congestive heart failure. He is seen by his physician because he has run out of his medications. He presents with easy fatigability, shortness of breath, and swelling of his ankles. On physical examination he…
Physiology of Diuretic Action
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: What effects do diuretics have on Na + handling by the kidneys? What effects do aquaretics have on water handling by the kidneys? Why…
Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: What is the physiologic importance of Ca ++ and inorganic phosphate (P i )? How does the body maintain Ca ++ and P i…
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: How does bicarbonate ( HCO−3 HCO 3 − ) operate as a buffer, and why is it an important buffer of the extracellular fluid?…