Acknowledgment The authors recognize previous contributions of Janet A. Englund and Jane L. Burns to this chapter. Sickle Hemoglobinopathy The decrease in splenic function in children with hemoglobin SS (Hb SS) disease results in increased susceptibility to fulminant bacterial infection,…
This chapter focuses on the infectious complications of primary immunodeficiencies in which lymphocyte-mediated or innate cellular immunity mediated by interferons (IFNs) is compromised. Genetic disorders of cell-mediated immunity that are mainly associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome are discussed in Chapter…
Acknowledgement Substantial material from E. Stephen Buescher’s chapter in Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , fifth edition, has been used. Phagocytes perform critical roles in human host defense. Polymorphonuclear phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) defend against microbial invasion…
Acknowledgement Substantial material from Dr. Michael Frank’s chapter in Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, fifth edition, has been used and he is therefore granted appropriate authorship. Dr. Frank was a giant in the field of complement and a…
Primary antibody deficiencies are the most common inherited immunodeficiencies. Secondary antibody deficiencies are also increasingly common complications of some chronic diseases and pharmacotherapy. Antibody deficiency disorders are characterized by reduced or absent serum immunoglobulins, recurrent and severe infections caused by…
Acknowledgment Substantial material from E. Stephen Buescher’s chapter in the previous edition has been used. Although primary immunodeficiency disorders are uncommon, referral for evaluation of these conditions in children with frequent infections is common. Epidemiologic studies show that children aged…
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge substantial use of material from this chapter in the previous edition. The use of medical devices has increased dramatically over recent decades, with significant impact on the quality and duration of life in affected patients. In…
A healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is defined as any infection not present or incubating at the time of the patient’s initial contact with a healthcare setting. Originally termed nosocomial, hospital-acquired, or hospital-onset infections, the scope of HAI has expanded as patients…
Approximately 20%–30% of pediatric cancer patients with fever and neutropenia have a clinically or microbiologically proven site of infection. Table 98.1 summarizes documented infections identified in three large clinical trials of empirical antibiotic therapy administered to patients admitted to the…
Infection remains a major cause of morbidity in children with cancer. Fever and neutropenia are among the most common complications of cancer therapy in children. The use of empiric antimicrobial regimens in this patient population began with the observation that…