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Future of Liver Transplantation in Children
Introduction Liver transplantation was a dream only a century or so ago. The idea of replacing a diseased organ with a new one was a matter of science fiction. However, innovations in surgery, the development of intensive care and anesthesia,…
Challenges for Young People With Liver Disease Including Transition to Adult Services
Long-term outcomes following liver transplantation (LT) are inferior for adolescents and young adults in comparison with younger children and adults. Adolescence is a transitional stage of psychosocial development and a time of rapid physical growth and change. This developmental period…
Prospects for Immune Tolerance
Introduction The extraordinary success of liver transplantation (LT) as a treatment for end-stage liver diseases has resulted in the need to redirect research priorities and clinical resources toward improving the health and well-being of what are now thousands of long-term…
Chronic Graft Injury
Introduction Patient and graft survival after pediatric liver transplantation (LT) has improved significantly: children undergoing LT have a patient survival of 79% and graft survival of 63% 10 years post-transplant, according to the European Liver Transplant Registry data . In…
Psychosocial Outcomes After Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Introduction Liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving treatment for children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). As immunosuppressive and surgical techniques have improved over time, long-term patient and graft survival rates have continued to increase. With recent 5-year patient survival rates…
Pediatric Liver Transplantation in South America: Incidence and Indications
Introduction South America currently has approximately 430,485,637 inhabitants, 16.2% of whom are under the age of 18. Brazil is the most populous South American country (213,106,000 people), followed by Colombia and Argentina (48,106,000 and 47,106,000 people, respectively). Economic resources vary…
Pediatric Liver Transplantation in Asia
Introduction The history of surgery begins with traditional medicine in India (Ayurveda since 2000 BCE) and China (Yin-Yang since 3000 BCE). Surgery began with the first attempt to control bleeding from a vessel. A compelling body of evidence indicates that…
Liver Retransplantation
Incidence and Indications—Early and Late Liver Retransplantation The incidence of graft failure after pediatric liver transplantation has been decreasing with surgical and medical progress, but still reaches 10% to 15% in the first year, about 20% within 5 years, and…
Metabolic Conditions
An inherited metabolic disorder is an increasingly common indication for liver transplantation (LT), accounting for more than 15% of pediatric cases worldwide and up to 30% in some specialist centers. Urea cycle disorders are now the most common indication in…