Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an important pediatric gastrointestinal disease, given its potential for significant morbidity and even mortality during childhood, its chronicity, and its premalignant nature. Although significant advances in our understanding of its immunologic basis have led to novel…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the significant contributions of the prior authors of this chapter who contributed to the last edition of the book. The majority of the text has been updated, but some of the content written previously has been…
Introduction Children and adolescents with gastrointestinal polyps may present symptomatically with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or intussusception. Alternatively, they may be asymptomatic and referred either because an adult family member has been affected with early-onset colorectal cancers (CRC) or there…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to dedicate this chapter to the memory of their beloved colleague, Dr. Tracie Miller, who was a coauthor on prior editions of this chapter. Introduction Advances in the understanding of the adaptive and innate immune…
Enteric parasites are important agents of disease throughout the world. Although the frequency and severity of parasitic diseases are most extreme in the developing world, changes in worldwide travel, immigration, commerce, day care for young children, and increasing numbers of…
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. It is also the leading cause of malnutrition in children younger than 5 years of…
Overview Gastrointestinal disorders involving an accumulation of eosinophils include a variety of conditions including classic Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and the primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis [EoG], and eosinophilic colitis).…
Continuous progress has been made over the last few decades in the management of children with intestinal failure. Significant advances include gut rehabilitation, autologous reconstruction, bowel lengthening, and visceral transplantation. Gut replacement is one of the most important milestones in…
Definition and Historical Perspective Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined in children as a critical reduction in the length and absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the inability of the small bowel to adequately absorb nutrients, fluids, and…
Definition Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins in genetically susceptible individuals, characterized by a variable combination of gluten-dependent clinical manifestations, CD-specific antibodies, human leukocytes antigen (HLA) DQ2 and/or…