Introduction The scope of oncology has changed greatly over the past decade as therapies for cancer have moved toward creating or intensifying an immune response against it. The ever-growing number of therapies uses a multitude of different mechanisms, including blockade…
Introduction In the past decade, advances in cell biology have led to the development of anticancer agents that target specific molecular pathways. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines targeted therapies as “drugs or substances that block the growth and spread…
Introduction Several conventional chemotherapeutics have been associated with renal side effects including kidney function deterioration, electrolyte disorders, tubular injury, glomerular lesions, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) ( Tables 16.1–16.3 ). Multiple risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity…
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used as a treatment for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Over the past decade, there has been more focus on the chronic complications post-HSCT, in particular chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated…
Introduction Since 1957, when the first bone marrow transplantation was performed by Thomas et al., hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for the treatment of several hematologic and autoimmune disorders. With the discovery of the human leukocyte antigen…
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, immunodeficiency states, and metabolic disorders. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a well-recognized potentially lethal complication of HSCT. It is characterized by…
Introduction Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a well-described complication of the high-dose conditioning regimens used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as certain hepatotoxic chemotherapies or radiation therapy used in other settings, and is a well-recognized cause of…
Kidney injury in graft versus host disease Introduction Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a commonly used procedure to treat both malignant and nonmalignant conditions. As transplant methods have improved, the overall survival of patients following HCT has also improved. However,…
Fibrillary glomerulonephritis Overview and epidemiology Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) was first described in 1977. It is a rare disease, with incidence of less than 1% of native kidney biopsies. It is mostly a disease of Caucasians, with more than 90% of…
Introduction Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is characterized by the deposition of monoclonal light and/or heavy chains within glomerular, tubular, and vessel wall basement membranes. Three subtypes of MIDD have been described and they are subdivided according to the composition…