Introduction Epidemiology and risk factors Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the eighth most common malignancy in the world. According to the National Cancer Institute, in 2017 approximately 64,000 diagnoses were made in the United States and more than 330,000 worldwide.…
Introduction Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an often underdiagnosed and misunderstood disease affecting more than one million patients worldwide. Disruptions in the TSC axis lead to cellular abnormalities that result in abnormal development and postpartum cellular growth. TSC affects every…
Introduction Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor (WT), is the most common primary renal malignancy in childhood and represents 6% of all childhood cancers. WTs comprise over 95% of all kidney tumors in children younger than 15 years old. , Usually found…
Introduction Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is the most common malignancy seen in the practice of nephrology. It is one of the relatively few cancers whose incidence is increasing despite our growing knowledge of the associated risk factors,…
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Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy in hematologic malignancies Paraneoplastic syndromes in the context of hematologic malignancies have been reported among multiple organ systems, including the nervous system, skin, bone marrow, and kidneys. Paraneoplastic glomerular injury has been demonstrated to be the result of…
Introduction Paraneoplastic syndrome refers to “clinical manifestations that are not directly related to tumor burden, invasion or metastasis, but are caused by secretion of tumor cell products, such as hormones, growth factors, cytokines and tumor antigens.” The idea that the…
Introduction Paraneoplastic syndromes refer to manifestations of cancer that are not related to tumor burden, invasion, or metastatic disease. The manifestations may be systemic or organ-limited and can involve virtually any organ system. There is a paucity of literature on…
Definition Radiation nephropathy is the kidney parenchymal injury and loss of function caused by radiation exposure to the kidneys. Its typical form is caused by external beam ionizing radiation, by x-rays or gamma-rays. It may also be caused by radioisotope…
Malignancy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that up to 1,735,350 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018, with 609,640 deaths from cancer predicted for that year. On the…