Introduction This chapter provides a summary of the important biomechanic principles gained from our publications and other investigations regarding the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral structures (PLSs). The primary PLSs of the knee joint are the fibular collateral ligament…
Scientific Rationale and Supporting Investigations for Sportsmetrics Neuromuscular Retraining Program This chapter presents the scientific rationale, supporting data, and specific strategies for the implementation of Sportsmetrics, a neuromuscular knee ligament injury prevention training program. Since Sportsmetrics was first introduced to…
Video Content Video 11-4 Sportsmetrics Neuromuscular Conditioning Programs to Prevent ACL Injuries in Female Athletes Introduction It is well recognized that female athletes and military recruits have a higher incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males participating…
Introduction Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and surgery has evolved in the past 2 decades from programs that recommended 6 to 8 weeks of immobilization, restricted range of motion (ROM) and strengthening exercises, and a delay in return…
Clinical Concepts Critical Points Clinical Concepts Protocols are evaluation based: Progression is based on continual evaluation using the principles of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and surgery. Goals Regain normal knee stability Control joint pain, swelling, and hemarthrosis Regain normal range of…
Introduction Considerable advances have been made in the treatment of complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and reconstruction methods. These include the appropriate selection of patient candidates and criteria for goals that should be achieved before surgery, such as resolving…
Introduction Mid-substance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the skeletally immature athlete are being recognized with increasing frequency. ACL injury has been reported in 10% to 65% of pediatric knee injuries with acute hemarthroses. This increased incidence is largely attributed…
Indications Critical Points Indications Determine factors that caused the prior ACL reconstruction to fail Address all pathologies before surgery: lower limb malalignment, muscle atrophy, limitation knee motion, gait abnormalities, misplaced tunnels. Goals, outcome of surgery depend on preexisting joint damage,…
Indications Critical Points Indications Complete ACL rupture: >5 mm of increased anterior tibial translation, positive pivot shift test. Profile patient for desired future activity level. High-risk activities (pivoting, cutting, twisting, and turning): reconstruct. Acute ACL rupture and concomitant displaced bucket-handle meniscus…
Introduction Critical Points Introduction The purpose of this chapter is: To develop some fundamental gait analysis principles. To illustrate the application of gait analysis to the issues related to the evaluation and treatment of ACL injury. To describe the cause…