Acknowledgments The preparation of this chapter was supported in part by grants R01HD068588 and R01HD075542 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and KL2TR000440 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Introduction Stroke is the leading…
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Introduction The economic and societal burden of treatment-resistant depression, which is suffered by 12%–20% of all depressed patients, remains a significant challenge to the psychiatric and neurosurgical communities ( ). In the United States alone its overall societal cost is…
Introduction Overview of MDD Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric complaint with a lifetime prevalence of 17% ( ), affecting some 5% of the world’s population at any given time ( ). It is characterized by one or…
Overview Drug addiction is characterized by repetitive substance abuse associated with symptoms of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological dependence, and is categorized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V) as “substance use disorder.” Dependence is indicated by…
Introduction and Background Substance-related addictions, including alcohol addiction, constitute the most frequently occurring psychiatric disease category ( ). Half of the world’s population consumes alcohol, and many of these people meet the World Health Organization criteria for high-risk consumption (…
Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic and debilitating illness with a prevalence of 0.3%–0.9% in the general population ( ). The disorder is 10 times more common in women, being typically diagnosed in adolescents ( ) between the ages…
Introduction “Depression” connotes a group of conditions imposing a serious public health burden ( ). The lifetime prevalence of unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) has been estimated at 10%–20%, with rates significantly higher for women than for men ( ).…
Introduction Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and disabling neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 2%–3% of the global population at some point in their life; additionally, it is known that 6%–8% of the general population has subclinical symptoms ( ). OCD…
List of Abbreviations ACC Anterior cingulate cortex ALIC Anterior limb of internal capsule BDI Beck depression inventory CSTC Cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical DBS Deep brain stimulation fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging Gpi Globus pallidus internus ITP Inferior thalamic peduncle NAcc Nucleus accumbens OCD…