History Electronic sports (esports), or competitive sports competition focused around video games, is a rapidly growing industry Esports athletes train 10–12 hours a day, crafting their skills in various console and computer-based video games, including League of Legends, Counterstrike: Global…
Introduction The definition of extreme sports (ES) includes any sport featuring high speed, height, real or perceived danger, a high level of physical exertion, highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts, and involving elements of increased risk for major injuries or…
Rodeo Introduction Rodeo is a competitive sport with participants of all ages and at all competition levels. Athletes may compete in a single event or multiple events and may attend anywhere from one to four or five events in a…
Introduction Rock climbing popularity and access have opened the sport up to climbers of all ages. Beginning with Tokyo 2020, sport climbing included in Summer Olympic Games International Federation of Sports Climbing (IFSC) organizes senior and junior World Championships, World…
Introduction Ultraendurance and adventure races are prolonged events, usually longer than 6 hours (and some may be as long as 10 days) that usually take place in remote, austere, harsh, or extreme environments. These events include challenging terrain, extreme elevation…
General Principles This chapter develops an algorithm for managing mass participation endurance events. The medical director is the safety and health advocate for athletes who participate in the race. The safety of athletes is the primary purpose of race medical…
Introduction Inline skating, skateboarding, and bicycle motocross (BMX) are relatively new sports that are often included in the category of adventure and extreme sports (AES). These sports have had increased participation and popularity in the last couple of decades, in…
General Principles Definitions The term “mountain biking” broadly refers to riding bikes with specific design characteristics in various off-road settings. Mountain bikes generally differ from road bikes in several ways: a smaller frame, stronger wheels, larger range of gears, a…
General Principles Races Road Racing Stage races: Multiday races over consecutive days with daily stage winners and an overall winner based on cumulative time; mass start races where the athletes ride in a peloton. Grand tours: Tour de France, Giro…
Introduction Overview Track and field often attracts multisport athletes. The sport involves year-round competition and training. Differing athletic events subject athletes to differing demands. For example: The shot put demands explosive power. Endurance events demand high levels of aerobic conditioning…