Introduction Description: An infection of the urinary tract causes urethritis, cystitis (including trigonitis), or pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are much more common in women because of their shortened urethral length and exposure of the urinary tract to trauma and…
Introduction Description: Urinary incontinence is a sign, symptom, and disease all at the same time. Urge incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine accompanied by a sense of urgency or impending loss and is associated with increased bladder activity. Prevalence:…
Introduction Description: Urinary incontinence is a sign, symptom, and disease all at the same time. Stress incontinence is almost exclusively limited to women and is the passive loss of urine in response to increased intraabdominal pressure, such as that caused…
Introduction Description: Urinary incontinence is a sign, symptom, and disease all at the same time. Bypass incontinence is continuous incontinence that occurs when normal continence mechanism is bypassed, as with fistulae. Symptoms may be intermittent or continuous, making the establishment…
Introduction Description: Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by inflammation limited to the mucosa of the large bowel and is primarily found in the descending colon and rectum (although the entire colon may be involved). The…
Introduction Description: Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by toxins produced by an often-asymptomatic infection with Staphylococcus aureus defined by sudden onset of shock, organ failure, and frequently death. Although most commonly associated with prolonged tampon use, approximately 50% of…
Introduction Description: Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins with secondary thrombosis. This may occur in two forms: aseptic or suppurative (septic). The vessels may be either superficial or deep. Risk factors may be present, or the onset may…
Introduction Description: Infection by the anaerobic flagellate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis is most often acquired by sexual contact with an infected person. Prevalence: Approximately 3.7 million cases per year in the United States (2.1% of women); accounts for 25% of “vaginal…
Introduction Description: Since antiquity, syphilis has been the prototypic venereal disease. This disease presents with an easily overlooked first stage and, if left untreated, can slowly progress to a disabling disease noted for central nervous system, cardiac, and musculoskeletal involvement.…
Introduction Description: Phthirus pubis (pubic or crab lice) and Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies or itch mite) are parasitic insects that may be transferred through sexual activity or contact with contaminated clothing or bedding. Prevalence: Three million cases per year in the…