Sciatic Neuropathies Clinical Vignette An 82-year-old frail woman fell in her home. She sustained a hip fracture, which necessitated surgical repair. Postoperatively, she received anticoagulation. Two days later, she had discomfort in her right buttock and foot weakness. Within 24…
Mononeuropathies of the Shoulder Girdle Mononeuropathies of the shoulder girdle are relatively uncommon and can be challenging to diagnose. Unlike other mononeuropathies, pain is often the cardinal symptom. Shoulder pain and weakness can originate not only from mononeuropathies, but also…
Clinical Vignette A 54-year-old man developed acute-onset right thigh, hip, and buttock pain. He reported right knee “buckling” when he stepped off a curb, resulting in a fall. He also noted right foot drop. Paresthesias developed over the right thigh,…
Epidemiology Low back pain is an extremely common condition; according to the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease Study, of 291 studied conditions, it is the greatest contributor to global disability. As the leading cause of activity limitation and…
Clinical Vignette A 53-year-old man had a history of occasional severe episodes of low back pain radiating down his buttock and posterior left thigh; it had begun with an athletic injury at age 17. Typically he experienced exacerbations, which lasted…
Clinical Vignette A 42-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of increasingly severe neck pain with radiation to the back of her right upper arm. In retrospect she had developed acute right medial scapular pain 4 weeks earlier after carrying…
The spinal cord may be affected by a broad spectrum of disorders, some of them directly damaging the cord (intramedullary), others affecting the cord indirectly due to pathologies involving the extramedullary region, including the intradural and extradural spaces. Some of…
Knowledge of spinal cord neuroanatomy is integral to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of spinal cord disorders. The spinal cord syndrome depends on site, process, and extent of spinal cord damage. A myelopathy is defined as any disorder that impairs…
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Clinical Vignette A 65-year-old man presented with subacute onset of severe, unexplained orthostatic dizziness and light-headedness. Over the next 2 months, he developed dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary hesitancy, erectile dysfunction, and severe constipation. His previous medical history was unremarkable.…