Abstract Influenza is a disease that represents an important public health concern. The ability of influenza viruses to undergo genetic mutations and become the cause of global epidemics (pandemics) has been a constant worry to public health experts. Over the…
Abstract Unlike the coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory syndromes, namely SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of Coronavirus Disease-2019 [COVID 19]), which developed rapid and aggressive person-to-person spread, the coronavirus that causes Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) has yet to develop…
Acknowledgment The previous edition of this chapter was written by Dr. Eileen Schneider. Abstract Within the past 20 years, three novel coronaviruses have emerged from the animal kingdom to infect humans, with devastating disease and economic consequences. They were severe…
Clinical Vignette A man in his 50s presented to a facility managing patients infected with Ebola virus disease in Guinea. He had abdominal distension, was slow to speak, and had a mildly ataxic gait. Three weeks earlier he had participated…
Abstract Neuroangiostrongyliasis (NAS), or rat lungworm disease (RLWD), is an important emerging infection spreading around the world. It is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a nematode parasite, and is the commonest parasitic cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Infection can also cause cranial…
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus primarily transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti . Other commonly recognized transmission modes include sexual and intrauterine transmission. Following recognition of ZIKV transmission in Africa and Asia during the 1900s, outbreaks…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Jo Hoffman who contributed to the previous edition of this chapter. Abstract Tularemia is a zoonotic bacterial infection that occurs throughout the Northern hemisphere; it is caused by several subspecies of the…
Abstract Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is a devastating disease for humans and animals, and one of the most important bioweapons. Though rare in the United States, natural anthrax exposure occurs sporadically worldwide. Anthrax most often manifests as cutaneous or…
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10 million persons developed TB during 2018, and approximately one-fourth of the world’s population, more than 2 billion persons, are infected with Mycobacterium…
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