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Netter's Cardiology

  • Joined: November 1, 2023
  • Articles: 72

The History and Physical Examination

The ability to determine whether disease is present or absent—and how that patient should be treated—is the ultimate goal for clinicians who evaluate patients with suspected heart disease. Despite the number of diagnostic tests available, the importance of a careful…

Basic Anatomy and Embryology of the Heart

Origins of Cardiac Precursor Populations Heart development begins as the primary germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—are induced and progressively changed to various cell types during the morphogenetic process of gastrulation. Combinatorial networks of intercellular signaling events cooperate with massive tissue…