The spectrum of disease resulting from human infection with Bartonella species includes the association of bacillary angiomatosis and cat-scratch disease with Bartonella henselae. There are more than 30 validated species of Bartonella , but 6 major species are responsible for…
Legionellosis comprises legionnaires disease ( Legionella pneumonia), other invasive extrapulmonary Legionella infections, and an acute flulike illness known as Pontiac fever. In contrast to the syndromes associated with invasive disease, Pontiac fever is a self-limited illness that develops after aerosol…
Human brucellosis is caused by organisms of the genus Brucella and continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. Humans are accidental hosts and acquire this zoonosis from direct contact with an infected animal (cattle, sheep, camels, goats, and…
Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Tularemia is primarily a disease of wild animals; human disease is incidental and usually results from tick or deer fly bites or contact with infected live or dead wild…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Thomas S. Murray Robert S. Baltimore Keywords bacteremia biofilm burn wound sepsis conjunctivitis cystic fibrosis ecthyma gangrenosum immunosuppressed neutropenia urinary tract infection ventilator-associated pneumonia Etiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod and is a strict aerobe. It can multiply in…
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas are gram-negative bacilli that include species capable of causing enteritis and, less frequently, skin and soft tissue infections and invasive disease. They are common in fresh water and brackish water and colonize animals and plants in these…
The genus Yersinia is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and comprises more than 14 named species, 3 of which are established as human pathogens. Yersinia enterocolitica is by far the most common Yersinia species causing human disease and produces…
Campylobacter , typically Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , are found globally and are among the most common causes of human intestinal infections. Clinical presentation varies by age and underlying conditions. Etiology Twenty-six species and 9 subspecies of Campylobacter are…
Cholera is a dehydrating diarrheal disease that rapidly leads to death in the absence of immediate initiation of appropriate treatment. Worldwide, 1.3 billion people are at risk for cholera, resulting in an estimated 1 to 4 million cases and 95,000…
Escherichia coli is an important cause of intraintestinal and extraintestinal infections. Intraintestinal infections present as different diarrheal illnesses. Extraintestinal infections include disease of the urinary tract (see Chapter 553 ) and bloodstream ( Chapter 129, Chapter 202, Chapter 203 ).…