I Epidemiology A General 1. Incidence of lung cancer in the United States has been declining among men and only recently began decreasing in women. 2. Overall prevalence is approximately 125 per 100,000 people per year. 3. Estimated new cases…
I Overview 1. These tumors account for less than 1% of all resected lung tumors. 2. They may be derived from epithelial, mesodermal, or endodermal cell lines. 3. Hamartomas account for greater than 75% of benign tumors of the lung.…
I Definitions A Diabetes 1. Diagnosis of diabetes is made by a random glucose level ≥200 mg/dL with concurrent symptoms of hyperglycemia (blurry vision, thirst, polyuria, weight loss) or any two of the following tests performed on the same day…
I Introduction 1. In the first quarter of 2014, 671,851 patients were treated for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). 2. In 2013, the number of people on the kidney transplant list was 5 times greater than the number of people who…
Mesenteric ischemia is defined by insufficient perfusion to meet the metabolic needs of the end organs (small intestine and colon) supplied by the mesenteric vasculature. Successful treatment requires a high index of suspicion, early recognition of both acute and chronic…
I Background: Stroke 1. Fourth most common cause of death in the United States 2. One million hospital admissions/year 3. Significant neurologic morbidity 4. Risk factors for stroke a. Nonmodifiable (1) Sex (male) (2) Age (>55 years) (3) Race (African…
I Definitions 1. Peripheral vascular disease refers to multiple disorders that result from stenotic, occlusive, and aneurysmal diseases of the arteries and veins of the extremities. 2. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) refers to atherosclerosis involving the aorta, iliac, and lower…
I Epidemiology A General 1. Aneurysm—permanent focal dilation of an artery to at least 1.5 times the normal diameter a. A normal adult male has an aorta that is approximately 2 cm in size (anything >3 cm is considered abnormal).…
I Introduction A Epidemiology 1. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are two manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite advances in prevention and treatment of VTE, PE remains the most common preventable cause of hospital death, responsible for…
I Neuroendocrine Tumors A Demographics 1. Incidence is rising, likely because of increased detection; the majority are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas. 2. Peak incidence is in sixth to seventh decade of life. B Classification (Multiple Systems…