Revised April 26, 2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) cause infections in a variety of vulnerable patient populations including hospitalized patients such as patients with cancer and patients with specific genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF)…
Revised November, 2019 Pseudomonas species are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria capable of inhabiting a wide variety of diverse environments, including soil, water, plants, insects, and animals. Among all Pseudomonas species, P. aeruginosa is the most important species affecting humans and is…
Reviewed for currency November 8, 2020 The family Enterobacteriaceae belongs to the domain Bacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, and order Enterobacteriales ( ). The Enterobacteriaceae are gram-negative, non–spore-forming, facultative anaerobes that are typically motile by means of peritrichous flagella,…
Reviewed for currency January 14, 2021 Reviewed for currency January 14, 2021 Helicobacter pylori (formerly known as Campylobacter pylori or pyloridis ) was first isolated from humans in 1982. This highly motile, curved, gram-negative rod lives within the mucus layer…
Revised July 1, 2020 Campylobacteriosis refers to the group of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus Campylobacter. Among the most common bacterial infections of humans in all areas of the world, Campylobacter spp. cause both diarrheal and systemic…
Vibrio species are ubiquitous in estuarine waters in the temperate zones. Plankton blooms and temperature upshifting in the spring are followed by rapid outgrowth of most vibrios. Molluscan shellfish, which are filter feeders, acquire vibrios as part of their normal…
Cholera is an acute and often severe watery diarrheal disease that is among the most rapidly fatal infectious diseases of humans. Previously well individuals infected with Vibrio cholerae, the comma-shaped gram-negative rod that causes this disease, can die from dehydration…
Over the past 3 decades Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has emerged as an important and common human respiratory tract pathogen. In this chapter M. catarrhalis is discussed. In addition, Kingella and other gram-negative cocci, including Neisseria other than N. meningitidis and…
Reviewed for currency November 8, 2020 Gonorrhea is a common bacterial infection that is transmitted almost exclusively by sexual contact or perinatally and primarily affects the mucous membranes of the urethra and cervix and, less frequently, those of the rectum,…
Revised December, 2019 Definition and History Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is the cause of epidemic cerebrospinal fever, clusters and sporadic cases of acute bacterial meningitis, mild bacteremia to devastating septicemia, pneumonia, and, less commonly, septic arthritis, pericarditis, chronic bacteremia, conjunctivitis,…