KEY FACTS Terminology Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) Neural, venous, &/or arterial compressive syndrome at thoracic outlet (TO) Diagnosis made by 1 of 3 methods (by event, affected structure, or compression cause) Imaging ± cervical rib, elongated C7 transverse process ±…
KEY FACTS Terminology Synonym: Pancoast tumor Benign or malignant neoplasm extending to superior thoracic inlet with severe shoulder/arm pain along C8, T1, T2 nerve trunks, Horner syndrome, weakness + atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles (Pancoast syndrome) Imaging Soft tissue apical…
Terminology Nerve rootlets : Individual neural filaments of dorsal and ventral roots directly exiting from spinal cord Nerve roots : Composed of multiple individual dorsal or ventral nerve rootlets Dorsal sensory roots exit from dorsolateral cord and have cell bodies…
KEY FACTS Terminology Skeletal disorder characterized by low bone strength and increased risk of fracture Imaging Bone scintigraphy and MR are most sensitive to detect osteoporotic spine and sacral insufficiency fractures Bone mineral density Standard measure for diagnosis of osteoporosis…
KEY FACTS Terminology Spinal cord ischemia/infarction Secondary to vessel occlusion Anterior spinal artery (ASA); T4-9 most vulnerable Posterior spinal artery (PSA) Hypotensive (cord “watershed” zone = central gray matter) Imaging MR with contrast, + diffusion Cord hyperintensity on T2WI; central…
KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Type 1 spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF), dural AVF, dural fistula Definition: Spinal AVF, present within dura, with intradural distended draining veins Imaging Cord enlarged, T2WI hyperintense, vessel flow voids on cord surface Multiple enhancing serpentine veins…
Terminology Synonyms : Great anterior radicular artery, arteria radicularis magna = artery of Adamkiewicz radicularis magna = artery of Adamkiewicz Imaging Anatomy You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…
KEY FACTS Terminology Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis Multiorgan immune-mediated condition, which mimics multiple malignant, infectious, and inflammatory disorders Chronic progressive diffuse inflammatory fibrosis of dura of brain or spine Imaging Linear low signal mass involving dura with variable…
KEY FACTS Terminology Red marrow: Hematopoietic marrow Yellow marrow: Fatty marrow Imaging Yellow marrow often distributed around central perforating vein Yellow marrow adjacent to endplates in degenerative disc disease After bone marrow transplantation: Fat centrally located in vertebral body, red…
KEY FACTS Terminology Excessive accumulation of intraspinal fat causing cord compression and neurologic deficits Imaging Thoracic spine: 58-61% T6-T8, dorsal to spinal cord Epidural fat ≥ 7 mm thick Lumbar spine: 39-42% L4-L5, surrounding thecal sac Y-shaped configuration to lumbar…