■ Normal Lymph Node Anatomy Normal lymph nodes are typically bean shaped. They have, beginning at their periphery and moving centrally, a fibrous capsule, a cortex, a paracortex, a medulla, and a hilus. The cortex, a B-cell–predominant area, contains follicles.…
■ Introduction A variety of morphologic changes can occur in non-neoplastic white blood cells (WBCs). Some reflect nonspecific reactive changes, whereas others are specific and are associated with clinically significant disorders. In this chapter we review non-neoplastic changes representing a…
Basic Physiology of Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis Physiologic hemostasis is initiated with injury to a blood vessel wall. This triggers a sequence of reactions involving plasma proteins, platelets, extracellular membrane components, and the vascular smooth muscle to ultimately form a stable…
■ Introduction The disorders of red blood cells can be divided into those of decreased red blood cell (RBC) mass (anemias) and those of increased RBC mass (erythrocytoses). Most of this chapter is devoted to various types of anemias, with…