Key Points Incidence Renal tumors are the fifth most common cancer in children younger than 15 years of age. It is estimated that 7.1 per million children are affected, and 500 new cases are reported each year in the United…
Key Points Incidence The pediatric sarcomas of bone are osteosarcoma (5.6 cases per million children per year) and Ewing sarcoma (2.8 cases per million children per year). Biologic Characteristics Osteosarcoma is associated with inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene. Ewing sarcoma…
Key Points Incidence Annually, there are 350 cases of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the United States. Of those, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) comprises 75% (260 cases), and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) comprises 25% (90 cases). Annually, there are 500 cases of pediatric…
Key Points Incidence and Overall Survival The overall incidence of childhood brain tumors is 5.67 per 100,000 person-years for children. Brain tumors are the second-most common childhood malignancy and the most common primary solid tumor. Pediatric brain tumors are a…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition and Classification of Benign Diseases Many diseases that are pathologically benign (nonmalignant) do not act clinically benign and can cause significant symptoms or dysfunction. A number of these entities can be successfully treated with ionizing radiation. The use of…
Key Points Epidemiology and Pathology Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) account for approximately 1% of adult cancers in the United States. The estimated number of newly diagnosed cases in the year 2019 was projected to be 12,750, with a slightly higher male-to-female…
Key Points Incidence Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 252,710 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2017. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) reported that approximately 7% to 10% of all breast cancers (in situ…
Key Points Patient Selection The majority of individuals with stages I-II invasive breast cancer are candidates for breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Treatment with conservative surgery (CS) and radiotherapy (RT) is absolutely or relatively contraindicated owing to toxicity concerns for only a…
Key Points Epidemiology Noninvasive breast cancers comprise more than 20% of all breast cancers. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represents less than 15% of these noninvasive cancers, 0.5% to 5.0% are Paget disease, and 85% are ductal carcinoma in situ…