Gray's Surgical Anatomy

Hip

Core Procedures Open reduction internal fixation of acetabular fractures; open reduction internal fixation of femoral head and neck fractures Closed reduction screw fixation of femoral neck fractures Arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty Osteotomies of the pelvis; osteotomies of the neck of the femur…

Pelvic girdle

Core Procedures Femoral hernia repair Saphenofemoral exposure for endarterectomy, embolectomy, bypass, and endovascular repair of aneurysms Exposure/puncture of femoral artery/vein Open reduction internal fixation for fractured acetabulum/femur Above-knee amputation Gluteal approach for hip replacement Pelvis and gluteal region Surgical surface…

Innervation of the lower limb and nerve blockade techniques

Core procedures Nerve Blockade Lateral Hip Exposure Hip athroscopy Hip arthroplasty Knee Surgery Knee arthroscopy Knee arthroplasty ACL repair Foot and Ankle Surgery Surgical surface anatomy Nerve blockades best illustrate important surgical landmarks of the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) and its…

Vascular anatomy of the lower limb

Core Procedures Access to the distal aorta and iliac vessels Exposure of the femoral vessels Access to the proximal popliteal artery Access to the distal popliteal artery Approach to the anterior tibial artery Access to the posterior tibial artery Access…

Overview of the pelvis and lower limb

This chapter presents an overview of the general morphology of the pelvis and lower limb. The main junctional region of the body contains not only the articulation of the femur to the pelvis, i.e. the hip joint, but also the…

Development and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system

Core procedures Orchidopexy Hypospadias repair Procedures relating to the kidney e.g. nephrectomy, pyeloplasty Resection of posterior urethral valves Embryology The urogenital system develops from intermediate mesenchyme extending longitudinally in the trunk, subjacent to the somites, and through reciprocal interactions with…

Female reproductive system

Core procedures Vulva Bartholin's cyst marsupialization Drainage of labial abscess Wide local excision Radical and simple vulvectomy Vagina Anterior and posterior vaginal repair Vaginectomy Uterine Cervix Large loop (needle) excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ/NETZ) Trachelectomy Uterus Total/subtotal/radical hysterectomy Myomectomy…

Prostate

Core Procedures Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) Open simple prostatectomy Transrectal prostate biopsy Transperineal prostate biopsy Radical prostatectomy (open/laparoscopic/robotic-assisted) The prostate is a walnut-sized accessory male…

Male reproductive system

Core Procedures Scrotal exploration for torsion of the testis Inguinal orchidectomy Hydrocele repair (Jaboulay and Lord's repair) Circumcision Orchidopexy Vasectomy The male reproductive system consists of several elements, focused on the effective formation and delivery of sperm. It has external…

Pelvic inlet, pelvic floor and perineum

Core Procedures Pudendal nerve block/pudendal nerve stimulation Sacral nerve stimulation Cystocele repair Rectocele repair and levatoplasty Sacrospinous fixation Sacrocolpopexy Ventral mesh rectopexy Burch colposuspension Autologous fascial sling/pubovaginal sling Mid-urethral synthetic tapes Male sling Artificial urinary sphincter Surgical surface anatomy Perineum…