Background Pediatric orbital fractures differ from the adult population in terms of presentation, management, and complications. The craniofacial skeleton undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes from birth into adulthood; therefore, the fracture patterns in the pediatric population present differently, influencing…
Background and Incidence Within the pediatric age group, orbital fractures are among the most common facial fractures. Although pediatric craniofacial trauma remains relatively uncommon when compared to the adult population, it continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Orbital trauma…
Background Skull fractures are a common injury in the pediatric population and are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A strong foundational knowledge of pediatric skull fractures is essential for appropriate treatment and prevention of long-term complications. Although most…
Through medical advances, the world's population is living longer and the geriatric age group is increasing. Edentulism is often associated with the geriatric population. Edentulism is defined as the condition of being without natural teeth. The edentulous population statistics are…
Introduction Ballistic injury patterns to the craniomaxillofacial region present a unique, and challenging, dilemma for the facial trauma surgeon. The tissue disruption associated with ballistic injury to the head and neck region can be daunting, and the identification of normal…
Background A panfacial craniofacial injury refers to fractures present simultaneously in the cranio-orbital (upper third), orbitozygomaticomaxillary (middle third), as well as the mandibular (lower third) portions of the craniofacial skeleton ( Fig. 1.19.1 ). This requirement of panfacial injuries to…
Background Dentoalveolar trauma represents a significant proportion of facial injuries. Treatment of dentoalveolar trauma has been documented as early as the era of Hippocrates, who described the use of dental splinting with bridal wires. Although many advances have occurred, the…
The force required to fracture the temporal bone is substantial and can lead to vascular injury, hearing loss, vertigo or imbalance, facial nerve injury, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leaks. This chapter will discuss the epidemiology of temporal bone trauma,…
The Problem The mandible is a complex structure involved in many functions. It is a hoop-like bone which gives form to the lower face. It supports the lower teeth, tongue, lips, and some of the muscles of facial expression. Through…
Background Approximately 11%–50% of all facial fractures and 30%–40%% of all mandibular fractures (MFs) are fractures of the mandibular condyle. Most are not caused by direct trauma, but follow indirect forces transmitted to the condyle from a blow elsewhere, usually…