History History of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) dates back to Byrom Bramwell, who first described the symptoms of spontaneous meningeal hemorrhage. The term “spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage” was coined in 1924 by Charles P. Symonds. Successful clipping of internal carotid artery (ICA)…
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Introduction Epilepsy is a clinical brain disorder characterized predominantly by paroxysmal recurring seizures. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed the definition as a “disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the…
Introduction The ability to visualize the chambers of the heart during neurosurgical procedures provides the anesthesiologist with data regarding cardiac function, valvular abnormalities, and presence or absence of intracardiac shunts; helps to visualize intracardiac extraneous material such as clots and…
Introduction Posterior fossa surgery poses significant challenges to both the anesthesiologist and surgeons with a wider variety of complications than surgery in the supratentorial compartment. Apart from the general perioperative considerations involving any intracranial lesion, highlights of posterior fossa lesions…
Introduction Multiple historical factors may be related directly or indirectly with the emergence from anesthesia. William Harvey’s statement in Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus ( On the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals )…
Acknowledgment We are thankful to Mr. Munish Kumar, Junior Research Fellow in the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, for the sketches of Figs 12.1, 12.2, and 12.4 . Introduction The supratentorial region accounts for major intracranial distribution in the…
Introduction A routine preanesthetic evaluation is a process that includes clinical assessment, risk stratification, and optimization before surgery. The primary aim of the preanesthetic evaluation is to reduce the perioperative morbidity and mortality. This involves many steps, which include: 1.…
Introduction Positioning is an important aspect of the perioperative care in a neurosurgical patient. The prolonged duration of neurosurgical procedures and the need for precise localization of pathological lesions demands that the patient is in a physiologically optimal, physically safe…
Introduction The intraoperative anesthetic management of neurosurgical patients, particularly in case of intracranial neurosurgery, necessitates close attention to maintaining perfect homeostasis, to avoid secondary lesions to eventually suffering neural tissues. This involves rapid and smooth anesthetic depth transitions, adequate hypnotic…