Introduction Multiple historical factors may be related directly or indirectly with the emergence from anesthesia. William Harvey’s statement in Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus ( On the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals )…
Acknowledgment We are thankful to Mr. Munish Kumar, Junior Research Fellow in the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, for the sketches of Figs 12.1, 12.2, and 12.4 . Introduction The supratentorial region accounts for major intracranial distribution in the…
Introduction A routine preanesthetic evaluation is a process that includes clinical assessment, risk stratification, and optimization before surgery. The primary aim of the preanesthetic evaluation is to reduce the perioperative morbidity and mortality. This involves many steps, which include: 1.…
Introduction Positioning is an important aspect of the perioperative care in a neurosurgical patient. The prolonged duration of neurosurgical procedures and the need for precise localization of pathological lesions demands that the patient is in a physiologically optimal, physically safe…
Introduction The intraoperative anesthetic management of neurosurgical patients, particularly in case of intracranial neurosurgery, necessitates close attention to maintaining perfect homeostasis, to avoid secondary lesions to eventually suffering neural tissues. This involves rapid and smooth anesthetic depth transitions, adequate hypnotic…
Introduction It is important to monitor continuously the organ that we want to see perform correctly at all the times. Brain is a very complex organ to monitor, and in fact we can call the brain as an organ of…
Introduction The National Health Statistics Report published in 2010 estimated that around 45 million inpatient surgical procedures are carried out annually in the United States with an increasing rate among older population (≥65 years old). Newborns’ data was excluded from…
With the advent of newer neurosurgeries like minimally invasive procedures, endovascular neurosurgeries and complex revascularization operations, increased use of sophisticated intraoperative neurological monitors, and significant advances in neurocritical care, the scope of neuroanesthesia has also expanded tremendously. This has necessitated…
Introduction Neuroprotection describes strategies to protect neuronal elements against damage and impairment of neurologic function. One of the essentials of neuroanesthesia practice is to provide the patient with neuroprotective measures. It is hoped that these measures will reduce poor neurologic…
Intracranial Pressure Introduction Brain is enclosed in the skull which is ought to be a protective layer. However, the rigid skull can be damaging the brain in case of pathological lesion. The relationship between the skull contents was initially proposed…