Gliosis versus glioma Clinical features One of the most challenging differential diagnostic issues in surgical neuropathology is distinguishing between gliosis or reactive astrocytosis and an infiltrating low-grade glioma. Patients with low-grade gliomas may present at any age, although the peak…
Classic (usual-type/HPV-associated) vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Differential diagnoses: Differentiated (HPV-independent) vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and Paget disease Clinical features The term vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) describes non-invasive squamous lesions of the vulva, of which two…
Esophagus Gastroesophageal reflux esophagitis DDX: eosinophilic esophagitis, lymphocytic esophagitis, lichen planus, squamous dysplasia Clinical features Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common in Western countries, with a prevalence rate among adults in the United States estimated to be 20% to…