The practice of surgical pathology has relied traditionally on evaluation of the gross and microscopic features of tissue specimens, integrated with the clinical history and other laboratory data, to reach a definitive diagnosis, assign prognosis, and assist the clinician and…
Reactive and neoplastic lesions of the ear are infrequent but may pose diagnostic difficulties for the pathologist. The inner ear is composed of a specific form of inert bone, a virtually nonmitotic sensory area, and nerves. Its tumors are mainly…
Surgical pathologists are often challenged when evaluating neoplastic lesions of the eye and ocular adnexa. Most pathologists are accustomed to focusing their attention on the diagnosis and prognostic features that guide therapy. The diagnosis of neoplasms of the eye and…
Extraadrenal Paraganglia Extraadrenal paraganglia have a centripetal and roughly symmetric distribution on either side of the midline, extending from the middle ear region and base of the skull to the pelvic floor. The sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system is an integrated complex…
Introduction Traditionally, chapters similar to this one are entitled either “Tumors of the Peripheral Nervous System” or “Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors.” Such designations have been dropped in the present text so as to avoid any implications of histogenesis, which have…
Introduction The 2016 World Health Organizaiton (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) introduced a very significant paradigm in which diagnostic reports integrate histologic features with molecular parameters to designate tumor groups, instead of simply listing associated…
Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors While benign bone tumors are relatively common, primary malignant tumors of bone are rare and occur far less frequently than osseous metastases. Approximately 3200 patients are diagnosed with primary bone sarcoma in the United States per…
Introduction Tumors arising in soft tissue, although clinically often nondistinctive, form a varied and complex group that may show a wide range of differentiation. To an extent perhaps shared only by hematolymphoid disorders, the morphology of soft tissue lesions frequently…
The nomenclature of cutaneous tumors, as in other areas of pathology, is in constant evolution. Some of the newly created terms to replace older conditions are hardly an improvement to the previous, more popular ones. Some names are so deeply…
The identification of genes associated with recurrent chromosomal abnormalities has revolutionized diagnostic surgical pathology. This is especially true for the hematopoietic diseases, loosely defined as hematolymphoid disorders that most commonly involve the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. These chromosomal…