Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its complications, including pulmonary embolism (PE), recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), are important not only as the most common preventable cause of hospital death but also as a cause of…
The diagnosis of acute and chronic venous disease is usually made by compression ultrasound (US) of the extremities and by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Invasive contrast venography, including intravascular US…
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Venous disease has high prevalence, affecting at least a third of the adult population in Western countries. In patients with venous disease, the venous return is impeded as a result of reflux, obstruction, or the combination of both pathologies. Reflux…
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant national health problem, with approximately 900,000 individuals affected annually. When compared with whites, African Americans have a 40% higher incidence of VTE. Despite improvements in prophylaxis and treatment of VTE, the incidence of this…
Basic Coagulation Pathways Hemostasis is generally initiated by damage to the vessel wall and disruption of the endothelium, but in venous thrombosis (VT), it may be initiated in the absence of vessel wall damage. Both arterial thrombosis and VT converge…
Dialysis access management was traditionally performed in the hospital setting. Now, newly developed percutaneous techniques have allowed some of these procedures to be transitioned to the outpatient office setting. The increased prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in an aging population…
The achievement and maintenance of sites for hemodialysis is a persistent challenge. A hemodialysis access that remains patent and free of infection and complications is critical to ensuring a high standard of care for the patient with end-stage renal disease…
The role of surveillance for permanent hemodialysis arteriovenous access, both autogenous (arteriovenous fistula [AVF]) and prosthetic (arteriovenous graft [AVG]), remains unresolved. Simplistically, clinical monitoring refers to the “examination and evaluation of vascular access by means of physical examination to detect…
The public health burden imposed by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is significant and has increased in prevalence since the turn of the century. In 2005, the U.S. Renal Data System reported that the prevalent dialysis population was 341,000, having increased…