Aortic reconstructions for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in kidney transplant recipients have been increasing steadily since the 1990s for a variety of reasons: These patients often have accelerated atherosclerosis caused by hemodialysis and other cardiovascular risk factors; renal transplantation…
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Renal ectopia is a developmental anomaly in which the position of one or both kidneys is abnormal. It can occur alone or in combination with fusion or malrotation of both renal masses. Congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract are…
Fistulas between major vascular structures and the intestinal tract are grouped into two categories: primary and secondary. A primary aortoenteric fistula is an abnormal spontaneous communication between the aorta and a segment of the alimentary tract without any history of…
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Significant positive advances have been made over the past half century in both the safety and efficacy of open aortic reconstruction for the treatment of either aneurysmal or occlusive diseases of the aorta. These operations are associated at times with…
The abdominal aorta, located posterior to the parietal peritoneum and adjacent to the spine, is by definition a retroperitoneal structure. The ease of aortic exposure from the supradiaphragmatic level to the iliac bifurcation makes a retroperitoneal approach an ideal option…
Pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are an uncommon but important category of aortic disease. Pararenal AAAs are classified as being juxtarenal ( Figure 1 A) or suprarenal ( Figure 1 B) in location. Juxtarenal AAAs extend superiorly to just below…
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Infected abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are very unusual, extremely challenging, and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. There are several mechanisms whereby the abdominal aorta can become infected, and this has led to several classification schemes. The first…