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Computer-assisted planning in maxillofacial prosthetics
Introduction Six separate procedures will be described in this chapter. Each demonstrates the value of computer-assisted planning and the interaction between the craniofacial surgeon and other members of the prosthetics and design team. In each case, the definitive outcome is…
Computer-assisted design and manufacturing of tissue engineering craniofacial scaffolds
Introduction Critical-sized craniofacial defects (defects that cannot heal spontaneously within a patient’s lifetime without surgical intervention) occur due to trauma, craniotomy (surgical removal of part of the craniofacial bone to expose the brain for tumor resection), and congenital malformations. They…
Robots in craniofacial surgery
Introduction Surgical approaches in craniofacial surgery follow specific principles due to the complex anatomy of the head and neck and the aesthetic sensitivity of the region. The approaches can be categorized into two domains as a result of these factors,…
Virtual reality and augmented reality in surgery
Introduction Presurgical planning is a broad term, encompassing everything from simple visualization of two-dimensional (2D) radiographic images to a true rehearsal of complex three-dimensional (3D) surgical movements based on computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Over the last…
Virtual surgical planning and computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing in facial feminization surgery
Introduction Background Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is an essential component of the multidisciplinary treatment of gender dysphoria. First described by Ousterhout in the 1980s, FFS has become increasingly common following recent approval of Medicare reimbursement for gender confirming surgery. ,…
Computer-assisted surgical planning and navigation in maxillo-mandibular tumor resection
Introduction Surgical treatment of maxillo-mandibular tumors aims for in-sano resection. Besides information about dignity (benign/malignant) and entity of the tumor provided via specimen taking and histopathological examination, the extent of the tumor is crucial for surgical treatment planning. Tumor extent…
Computer-assisted surgical planning and navigation in cranio-orbital tumor resection
Introduction The cranio-orbital region is a complex anatomical area that accommodates structures of great functional importance such as the brain, the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, the optic nerves, and chiasm or the globe. This region can be…
Computer-assisted surgical planning in craniomaxillofacial trauma: Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures and secondary reconstruction
Introduction Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are one of the most common facial fractures, second only to nasal bone fractures. , The ZMC plays a key functional and aesthetic role for the face—the zygomatic arch serves as the cranial insertion point…
Computer-assisted planning in craniomaxillofacial trauma: Mandibular fractures
Introduction Repair of traumatic mandibular fractures is a complex process requiring assessment of the degree of comminution, extent of soft tissue injury and restoration of preinjury occlusion. Traditionally, mandibular trauma is managed via intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction-internal fixation…