Introduction Angiographic procedures were first performed only months after Roentgen’s discovery of X-rays. Haschek and Lindenthal injected mercury salts into an amputated hand and created one of the first recorded images of the arterial system ( Fig. 43.1 ). This…
Introduction Intra-arterial devices used to assist in the management of critically ill patients with cardiopulmonary failure have become commonplace at most advanced medical centers in the past decade. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are two of…
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Introduction Arteriovenous (AV) access for dialysis is established by connecting an artery and a vein together to create the superficial, high-flow conduit necessary for easy access and efficient dialysis. This is ideally done by connecting an anatomically or surgically superficial…
Endovascular Treatment in the Management of Arteriovenous Access Arteriovenous access surgery provides a lifeline for those patients with end-stage renal disease in need of hemodialysis. The high flow arteriovenous anastomosis results in a durable, easily accessed, reliable means of needle…
Introduction Endovenous ablation has become the treatment of choice for chronic venous disease (CVD) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). There are many different types of modalities to treat CVI, including thermal energy commonly with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation…
Introduction Venous thromboembolic disease is estimated to occur in as many as 1 or 2 patients per 1000 in the United States, with about 60,000–100,000 deaths annually attributed to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). In hospitalized patients,…
Introduction Many patients with symptomatic iliofemoral deep vein thromboses (DVTs) are now undergoing intervention to minimize thrombus burden in order to decrease venous pressures and preserve valve function. For patients with extensive and/or severely symptomatic DVT, catheter-based intervention is standard…
Introduction Endovascular treatment for tibial arterial disease has grown in popularity through technological advancement and improvement in techniques, allowing increased success in treating difficult lesions. With growing evidence for decreased morbidity and mortality, as well as equivalent limb salvage rates…
Introduction Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) occur at an incidence of 7.39 per 100,000 people, accounting for 80% of peripheral artery aneurysms. Typically asymptomatic, they are most commonly found incidentally on peripheral arterial disease screening examinations or when screening is based…