All three techniques discussed in this chapter are treatment options for small articular cartilage defects, predominately because of their low invasiveness. Debridement is mostly indicated for the treatment of (1) incidental lesions discovered during surgery directed at other joint pathology,…
Introduction Biological-based therapies are emerging as a promising alternative for treating articular cartilage degenerative defects and early osteoarthritis (OA). These treatments can reduce symptoms, restore joint function, and possibly prevent the progression of OA by delaying the need for metal…
Introduction Numerous biologics have been investigated in vitro and in preclinical animal models and show significant promise as methods of cartilage repair or as treatments for osteoarthritis (OA). Although there is mounting preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of…
The Decision to Proceed with Joint Preservation The History To have a successful relationship with a patient, the desires, needs, and expectations of the patient must be balanced with what is possible. The surgeon must use his best judgment and…
Introduction Radiological assessment of the knee may provide a tremendous amount of information when proper radiographs are performed and a knowledge of patterns of wear are recognized. A standard series of digital radiographs that we perform at our center include…
Cartilage Structure and Function The Chondrocyte as an Anabolic/Catabolic Cell Chondrocytes are highly specialized cells that differentiate from clusters of mesenchymal cells during skeletal embryogenesis. The chondrocyte synthesizes and secretes the components of the extracellular matrix, primarily proteoglycans and type…
Introduction Damage to the articular cartilage comprises a spectrum of disease entities ranging from single, focal chondral defects to more advanced degenerative disease and end stage osteoarthritis (OA). Long implicated in the subsequent development of osteoarthritis, focal chondral defects result…