Ankle Arthroscopy The most common current indications for ankle arthroscopy include soft-tissue or bony impingement and treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus. These patients often have continuing ankle pain after injuries such as sprains that have not responded to…
During the past five decades, arthroscopy has dramatically changed the orthopaedic surgeon’s approach to the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of joint ailments. A high degree of clinical accuracy, combined with low morbidity, has encouraged the use of arthroscopy…
Compartment Syndrome Compartment syndrome is an elevation of the interstitial pressure in a closed osteofascial compartment that results in microvascular compromise. Compartments with relatively noncompliant fascial or osseous structures most commonly are involved, especially the anterior and deep posterior compartments…
Recurrent instability can result from congenital, developmental, or traumatic ligamentous or bony containment deficiencies or from deformities caused by muscular imbalance, joint incongruity, or joint malalignment in one or more planes. Proper treatment begins with knowledge and skillful evaluation of…
Shoulder Injuries Anatomy and Biomechanics The shoulder joint is composed of four articulations: the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic that work together to allow smooth shoulder function. Together, they allow the shoulder joint to have the greatest range of motion…
Anatomy The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints because of its anatomic structure, its exposure to external forces, and the functional demands placed on it. Basic to an understanding of knee injuries is an understanding of the…
Scoliosis The word scoliosis is derived from the Greek word meaning “crooked.” Scoliosis is defined as a lateral deviation of the normal vertical line of the spine. The lateral curvature of the spine also is associated with rotation of the…
A variety of diseases and congenital anomalies may affect the pediatric cervical spine and increase the risk for neurologic compromise from instability or encroachment of the spinal cord. Multiple anomalies of the upper cervical spine are common within a single…
Infections of the Spine Spinal infections are relatively uncommon but serious conditions, accounting for 3% to 5% of all osteomyelitis cases. Unfortunately, delays in diagnosis and treatment are common due to the manner in which these infections present. Symptoms may…
Many factors make assessing and treating patients with injuries to the spinal column and spinal cord demanding. The most critical responsibilities are early recognition of the injuries, prevention of neurologic deterioration, optimization of initial medical management, correct interpretation of all…