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Truncal block anatomy
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Translaryngeal block
Key Points It is a useful block in providing topical anesthesia to the laryngotracheal mucosa innervated by branches of vagus nerve. Injection through the cricothyroid membrane results in the solution being spread onto the tracheal structures and coughed onto the…
Superior laryngeal block
Key Points The superior laryngeal nerve is blocked at the lower border of the hyoid bone. A small 25-gauge, short needle is used to reduce the risk of intravascular or intralaryngeal injections. Perspective The superior laryngeal nerve block is one…
Glossopharyngeal block
Key Points The distal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are located submucosally immediately posterior to the palatine tonsil, deep to the posterior tonsillar pillar. Glossopharyngeal blocks can be achieved from an intraoral approach or externally next to the styloid process.…
Airway block anatomy
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Stellate ganglion block
Key Points Used for treatment or diagnosis of complex regional pain syndromes as well as upper limb vascular syndromes. Ultrasound appears to allow a more effective and precise sympathetic block. Long-lasting local anesthetics with steroid are commonly used. C7 transverse…
Cervical plexus block
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Retrobulbar (peribulbar) block
KEY POINTS The most common complication of the retrobulbar block is hematoma formation, which can be minimized by using a needle shorter than 31 mm or performing a peribulbar approach. Sudden apnea may happen secondary to unexpected spinal anesthesia—related to…
Ankle block
Perspective This block is often used for surgical procedures carried out on the foot, especially for those not requiring high lower-leg tourniquet pressure. Patient Selection. The ankle block is principally an infiltration block and does not require elicitation of paresthesia.…
Adductor canal block
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