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Quadratus lumborum block
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Subcostal transversus abdominal plane block
Key Points The subcostal transversus abdominal plane (TAP) approach is very useful for supraumbilical procedures. The most cephalad sensory dermatomal spread is T8. The bilateral continuous catheter infusion can be used in the upper abdominal surgeries where epidural analgesia is…
Transversus abdominis plane block (classic approach)
Key Points The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a tissue plane block depending on adequate spread of local anesthetics through the plane—accordingly a minimum volume of 20 mL is usually needed for effective block. Frequent, small, incremental injections of…
Rectus sheath block and catheter in adults
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Paravertebral block
Key Points The thoracic paravertebral block, with or without catheter, can be used in lieu of thoracic epidural catheter for unilateral procedures and for breast surgeries. Pneumothorax is the major complication of this block. When performing the block and the…
Ultrasound for intercostal block
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Serratus anterior block
Key Points Serratus anterior block is indicated for anterolateral chest wall incisions, targeting the lateral and postcutaneous branches of upper and middle thoracic dermatomes. The block has been used for different thoracoscopic and open chest wall incisions as well as…
PECS and Pecto-Intercostal blocks
Key Points Anterior chest wall blocks are used as alternatives to thoracic epidurals and paravertebral blocks for breast surgeries and procedures involving the anterior chest walls. Serratus plane blocks and supraclavicular blocks may be required for more extensive surgeries. Pectoralis…
Truncal block anatomy
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Translaryngeal block
Key Points It is a useful block in providing topical anesthesia to the laryngotracheal mucosa innervated by branches of vagus nerve. Injection through the cricothyroid membrane results in the solution being spread onto the tracheal structures and coughed onto the…