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Next-Generation Sequencing and the Management of Patients With Clinically Advanced Breast Cancer
Introduction Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. For many years, it has been widely accepted that the development and progression of cancer is associated with alterations in the DNA sequence of the cancer cell genome, such…
Metastatic Tumors in the Breast
Introduction The most common metastatic tumors in the breast are from contralateral breast primaries, but these are excluded in most series and are not discussed here. Breast metastases from extramammary malignant neoplasms are uncommon and account for up to 3%…
Hematolymphoid Tumors of the Breast
Introduction Breast hematological malignancies are rare. Breast lymphoma represents less than 1% of all malignant breast tumors and accounts for only 1% to 2% of extranodal lymphomas. The vast majority of primary breast lymphomas (PBLs) are non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs). A…
Breast Tumors in Children and Adolescents
Introduction Breast enlargement in children and adolescents (<20 years of age) can be due to normal or abnormal physiological causes, reactive changes, or neoplastic proliferations. The patient’s age, gender, hormonal status, and other clinical findings need to be considered in…
Neoplasia of the Male Breast
Introduction The male breast is different in many respects from the female breast, in terms of both composition and pathology. Malignant conditions may occur, albeit far less commonly than seen in females, with advanced molecular studies suggesting that these conditions…
Mesenchymal Tumors of the Breast
This chapter discusses the more common benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors that occur in the breast. Most of these lesions are uncommonly encountered in routine practice and offer specific challenges to the pathologist. Spindle cell proliferations in particular can have…
Rare Breast Carcinomas: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Secretory Carcinoma, Carcinoma With Osteoclast-like Giant Cells, Lipid-Rich Carcinoma, and Glycogen-Rich Clear Cell Carcinoma
Introduction This chapter details a group of breast carcinomas that occur rarely and have unique clinical and pathological features. The study of these unusual variants of carcinoma contributes to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of breast carcinomas. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma…
Special Types of Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Tubular Carcinoma, Cribriform Carcinoma, Mucinous Carcinoma, Micropapillary Carcinoma
Introduction Distinguishing a “special type” of breast carcinoma from invasive carcinoma of no special type (IC-NST) is based on characteristic morphology. It is important to correctly identify these entities because each type has a fairly predictable biological behavior. Tubular Carcinoma…
Pathology of Neoadjuvant Therapeutic Response of Breast Carcinoma
Introduction Administration of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy before definitive surgery (neoadjuvant systemic therapy [NST]) is a standard treatment for inflammatory and inoperable locally advanced breast cancer. With advances in breast imaging and improvements in tumor characterization and staging, patients who…