Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by a progressive inflammatory process, the etiologies of which vary depending on geographic and sociocultural circumstances. Therefore incidence and prevalence of CP differs between the respective regions, which has been shown in studies that…
Pancreatitis, marked by inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma and injury to the acinar cells, has been traditionally divided into categories of acute or chronic (see Chapter 54, Chapter 55, Chapter 56 and 58 ). Initial attempts to distinguish acute from…
Acute pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis (AP) is common with an incidence of 15 to 45 per 100,000 population per year. This has increased over the last two decades largely because of a rising prevalence of obesity and gallstone disease. Recurrent AP…
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can lead to injury or destruction of acinar components and is clinically characterized by abdominal pain and elevated blood levels of pancreatic enzymes. The clinical spectrum is as diverse…
Overview Despite five international consensus meetings over the last 40 years, the definition and classification of pancreatitis (see Chapter 55, Chapter 56, Chapter 57, Chapter 58 ) continues to evolve. The main reason is the actual difficulty, in contrast to…
The pancreas is a glandular organ that lies on the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneum (see Chapter 2 ) It is an exocrine gland that secretes enzymes of digestion into the duodenum; it also performs endocrine functions, producing insulin,…
Malignant disease resulting in proximal or high bile duct obstruction ( Fig. 52.1 )—that is, in close proximity to or involving the biliary confluence—may arise from a variety of cancer types and is a common clinical problem. Historically, the proximal…
The perihilar region is among the most common site of origin of cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar cholangiocarcinoma [pCCA]). However, considering the incidence of 1 to 2 per 100,000 in Western countries, which is significantly lower than in Asia, the disease remains rare.…
Overview Extrahepatic biliary tumors are rare. Patients classically present with painless jaundice secondary to biliary obstruction. Management of bile duct tumors is challenging and best approached with input from an experienced multidisciplinary team. This chapter focuses on the cause of…
Introduction Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is a primary adenocarcinoma of the liver. Like other primary adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract, IHCC often presents with symptoms due to advanced local disease or metastatic disease. IHCC is a biologically aggressive disease; complete…