Berne & Levy Physiology

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 Describe the general anatomical components of the male and female reproductive system. 2 Map out the organization of the testis, with the…

The Adrenal Gland

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions : 1 Describe the anatomy and microscopic anatomy of the adrenal gland, including the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the three zones…

The Thyroid Gland

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 Describe the anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland, including the structure of the thyroid follicle. 2 Explain how thyroid hormones…

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 Describe the structure and composition of the pituitary gland and its structural and functional relationship to magnocellular and parvocellular hypothalamic neurons.…

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 Describe the pool of serum calcium and phosphate, including ionized, complexed, and protein bound. Describe the normal concentration ranges of these ions…

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 Explain the different requirements for and utilization by different cells of fuels during the digestive phase as opposed to the interdigestive and…

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 Name the major endocrine glands and their hormonal product or products. 2 Map out and differentiate a simple endocrine negative feedback…

Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 How does the body maintain K + homeostasis? 2 What is the distribution of K + within the body compartments? Why…

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 Why do changes in water balance alter [Na + ] of extracellular fluid (ECF)? 2 How is the secretion of arginine…