Summary This chapter provides several examples of how to crop a real-time three-dimensional (RT3D) image to show a particular structure of interest. Q-lab, a software program developed by Philips Medical Systems, is used in the examples, but other similar software…
Introduction Perhaps no finding on echocardiography creates a bigger diagnostic challenge than the presence of an intracardiac mass. This is because tissue characterization by any imaging modality is limited. The advent of tomographic imaging in general, including computed tomography (CT),…
In patients with congenital heart disease, a complete and accurate description of the morphologic abnormalities is crucial for determining appropriate management strategies. Currently, two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) allows a complete description of the intracardiac anatomy of different congenital lesions. Because of…
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The right ventricle (RV) is often overlooked because most cardiologists focus their attention on the left ventricle (LV). Early work characterizing ventricular anatomy and physiology was performed on the LV and then assumed to be similar in the RV. Methods…
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) has proven to be the most reliable and reproducible echocardiographic measure of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (EF), and mass. The advent of the matrix array transducer and improvements in parallel processing technologies have improved the…
The rationale for the use of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in a clinical setting is growing stronger. The four main areas in which the value of 3DE has been investigated include (1) the analysis of cardiac volumes and left ventricular mass,…
The pulmonary valve is the smallest valve in the body and, in keeping with its size, plays a relatively uncommon role in adult cardiology. Despite the limited involvement of the pulmonary valve in adult cardiac disorders, it is important to…
Introduction The tricuspid valve is the largest of the four heart valves and ranges from 4 to 6 cm 2 in area. The tricuspid valve has anterior, septal, and posterior leaflets. The anterior leaflet usually is the largest, with a width…
Introduction Although echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for cardiac heart valves, it still has significant limitations when imaging prosthetic cardiac valves. These limitations are significant with bioprosthetic valves and are particularly problematic with mechanical valves. The classic limitation…