There is a group of lesions unified by the anatomic hallmark of a common atrioventricular junction coexisting with deficient atrioventricular septation. The key to their differentiation from other potentially related defects is the presence of the common junction, including the…
Introduction Division, or partitioning, of one of the atrial chambers is a rare malformation. Severe symptoms, or even death, may result if this condition is untreated. When recognized and treated surgically, life expectancy should be normal. Either the morphologically right…
Introduction Channels permitting shunting between the atrial chambers are important congenital cardiac anomalies because they are relatively common and are more nearly completely correctable than most other cardiac malformations, even more so in the era of catheter intervention. It may…
Introduction This chapter considers abnormalities of the pulmonary veins, in particular their anomalous connections to the systemic venous system. The variant of partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with the sinus venosus interatrial communication is described in detail. The anomalous…
Introduction This chapter deals with abnormalities of position and connection of the major systemic venous channels that drain to the heart. We also discuss abnormal persistence of the valves of the embryonic systemic venous sinus. The anomalies included vary widely,…
Introduction It has long been recognized that congenital absence of the spleen, or the presence of multiple spleens, is associated with severe congenital malformations of the heart. Some of the most complex forms of congenital cardiac disease are associated with…
Autopsy studies have demonstrated that atherosclerosis, the pathologic basis for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular events, begins in childhood and is associated with the presence of modifiable and nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (…
Introduction In recent years the volume and variety of pediatric cardiovascular data captured across various sources have continued to expand. These datasets are increasingly being integrated and used for a variety of research and quality improvement purposes. Regardless of the…
Regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity in some developed countries has diminished for a variety of reasons as society has trended away from outdoor activities toward other types of activities, such as computer games…
Introduction Pediatric electrophysiology has evolved into a fully recognized subspecialty within the field of pediatric cardiology, and recent growth has led to the continued expansion of this subsection. The aging adult population with congenital cardiac disease, growing in size and…