Acknowledgment This paper was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (No. DA13814, DA016090, DA020138, and P50 DA16094). Introduction Schools are an efficient and convenient choice of setting for intervention programs targeting adolescents. Schools provide access to…
Introduction Compared with other nations, the United States incarcerates the largest percentage of its citizens, with close to 7 million adults and 650,000 youth under some form of criminal justice supervision, including prison, jail, and probation or parole supervision in…
Introduction The Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has provided a working definition of primary care: Primary care is the provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a…
Introduction The first section of this chapter traces the history of community clinic treatment for substance use disorders. Next, the chapter reviews various venues for community treatment and the effectiveness of approaches used where this is known. The definition of…
Defining Self-Help Help from without is often enfeebling in its effects, but help from within invariably invigorates. Self-help approaches to addiction encompass those strategies designed to reduce or eliminate substance use and/or associated negative consequences. As a construct, the boundaries…
Drug Use and Problems A broad range of treatment approaches are available and necessary for the management of persons with problem drug and/or alcohol use. Individuals with problem substance use can present anywhere along a continuum, from early stage problems…
Introduction In the struggle to be free from addiction, for most individuals, repeated attempts are required to stop the addictive behavior. Multiple attempts to change and multiple treatment events are the norm rather than the exception in recovery from addiction.…
Introduction This chapter describes the rationale behind and evidence in support of the efficacy of two reinforcement-based therapies: community reinforcement approach therapy and contingency management. The first section of the chapter reviews the evidence for the community reinforcement approach and…
Introduction With the most recent revision (Fifth Edition) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), addictions are included in a larger category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are now subcategorized into three levels…
What Is Motivational Interviewing? Motivational interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic approach used to explore and resolve ambivalence about behavior change. There is a strong evidence base to suggest that it reduces substance use problems and a growing evidence base for…