Increasing emphasis on tailoring of cancer treatment strategies to individual patients (i.e., personalized medicine) has enabled development of multiple therapeutic options in the management of malignant diseases of the abdomen and pelvis. In particular, in patients with malignant hepatic and…
Monitoring the response of tumors to treatment has become an integral component of oncologic imaging. Imaging studies play a vital role in objective assessment by quantifying tumor response to a variety of physical and pharmaceutical treatments. Traditionally, therapeutic response has…
Etiology Abdominal wall hernias, or external hernias (where abdominal contents protrude beyond the abdominal cavity), include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, spigelian, epigastric, lumbar, and obturator hernias. All abdominal wall hernias consist of a peritoneal sac that protrudes through a weakness…
Cross-sectional imaging modalities including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonancy imaging (MRI) provide good anatomic detail of the abdominal wall and allow evaluation of pathologic processes in this area. Ultrasonography is frequently used as the first imaging modality to…
Non-neoplastic Conditions of the Peritoneum In many of the diseases discussed in this chapter the diagnosis is often initially raised on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, in most cases, it is not possible to make a…
Peritoneal Fluid Collections Etiology Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. There are numerous causes of ascites, including congenital, infective, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. In the United States the most common causes are liver disease and…
Trauma Etiology Urethral trauma may result from blunt, penetrating, or iatrogenic injury. The spectrum of urethral injuries includes contusion, partial or complete disruption, and urethral injury and may involve either the anterior or posterior urethral segment. Blunt anterior urethral injuries…
Urethral Diverticulum Etiology A urethral diverticulum is a focal outpouching of urethral tissue into the urethrovaginal space. It is thought to be due to postinflammatory dilatation and rupture of the periurethral glands (of Skene) into the urethra. Most urethral diverticula…
Benign Testicular Lesions Etiology and Clinical Presentation Benign scrotal or testicular swellings and masses have many etiologies and different clinical presentations, as listed in Tables 78-1 and 78-2 . Of palpable nodules, 31% to 47% are benign at surgery. TABLE…
Technical Aspects Scrotal imaging has been one of the undeniable success stories of modern radiology. The scrotum is predominantly imaged for two clinical indications: the painless scrotal mass and the acute scrotum. Both conditions predominantly affect young men in the…