Insertion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Hydrocephalus, communicating or obstructive, that is not amenable to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (with or without choroid plexus coagulation) or treatment of primary etiology (i.e., removal of obstructing fourth ventricular neoplasm).

Failure of previously placed shunt system.

Fevers or any evidence of active intracranial infection.

Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rheology (high protein, pleocytosis, intraventricular hemorrhage).

Body weight less than 2 kg (relative).