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Maturation arrest
Definition
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Cessation of germ cell development beyond a specific stage in spermatogenesis. The arrest is most frequently observed at primary spermatocyte, rarely spermatogonial, secondary spermatocyte, or spermatid level.
Clinical features
Epidemiology
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Can be idiopathic
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May have genetic etiologies including trisomy (XYY), balanced autosomal anomalies (translocations, inversions) or deletions in the Y chromosome (Yq11)
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Can be secondary to:
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post-pubertal gonadotrophin deficiency
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varicocele
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cryptorchidism
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exogeneous glucocorticoids
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diabetes mellitus
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hypothyroidism
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vitamin A/zinc deficiencies
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chemotherapy or radiotherapy
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exposure to environmental toxins or heat
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general diseases (liver or kidney insufficiency, sickle cell anemia)
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infections
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