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Transvaginal Ultrasonography
Description
Transvaginal (also called endovaginal) ultrasonography is a technique for ultrasonographic visualization of the uterus and adnexa using an ultrasonographic probe placed in the vaginal canal. The superior resolution of transvaginal ultrasonography derives from the proximity of the ultrasonographic transducer, and the higher frequencies of sound waves used by these devices. In some cases, this resolution may be as small as 0.2 mm. The tradeoff of this higher resolution is a smaller field of view.
Indications
Any situation in which the imaging of the pelvic organs is appropriate and greater resolution than that possible with transabdominal approaches is desirable. Typical gynecologic indications include the determination of the uterine size, shape, and orientation; evaluation of the endometrium, myometrium, and cervix; identification and morphology of ovaries, assessment of the uterus and adnexa for masses, cysts, hydrosalpinges, and fluid collections; and evaluation of the cul-de-sac for free fluid or masses. Common obstetric indications include the assessment of cervical length, placental location, or the evaluation of fetal parts low in the pelvis. Obesity can complicate transabdominal ultrasonography but does not generally affect transvaginal studies.
Contraindications
Known or suspected allergy to latex, unwillingness or inability to tolerate the vaginal probe.
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