Root of the neck and tracheostomy

Subclavian vein access:

• Supraclavicular or infraclavicular approach – temporary central venous access

Brachial plexus block:

• Interscalene approach – anaesthesia for shoulder and upper extremity

• Supraclavicular approach – anaesthesia for distal two-thirds of arm

• Infraclavicular approach – anaesthesia for distal two-thirds of arm

• Transaxillary approach – first rib resection for neurological and venous decompression

• Supraclavicular approach – first rib resection when management of subclavian vessels is indicated

• Infraclavicular approach – first rib resection for venous decompression

• Posterior approach – reoperation requiring neurolysis of the brachial plexus

• Anterior transcervical approach – tumours involving structures of the thoracic inlet

• Posterior approach – tumours located posteriorly

Subclavian vessels:

• Median sternotomy – access to proximal right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) and carotid artery

• Left anterolateral thoracotomy – access to proximal left subclavian artery

• Supraclavicular approach ± claviculectomy – access to middle to distal subclavian artery

Brachial plexus:

• Supraclavicular approach ± claviculectomy – majority of brachial plexus lesions requiring repair